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Civil Aviation Industry essay part 2

Civil Aviation Industry essay part 1

Nevertheless, there are still many challenges. Recent study proves the fact that “safety performance has not been evenly distributed across all segments of commercial aviation, nor among all countries and regions of the world” (Oster et al., 2013, p.148). It has been found that some countries demonstrate poorer safety performance records comparing with the U.S. civil aviation industry. The major challenges to successful improvement of aviation security include the challenges caused by inability to identify the terrorists and the tools they might use to commit crimes; inability to determine how to effectively respond to terrorist threats; and the use of improper methods in “determining the public versus private roles in providing aviation security” (Oster et al., 2013, p.148). It has been found that there is a necessity to address safety challenges through the implementation of new methods, which “require development and understanding of new forms of data to improve safety in other segments of commercial aviation, and moving from a reactive, incident-based approach toward a more proactive, predictive and systems-based approach” (Oster et al., 2013, p.148).

Generally speaking, the effects of fears of terrorism on the development of air safety aviation industry since 9/11include psychological effects, economical effects, and social effects, which could be addressed by implementation of effective airport management and technological strategies.

The consequences of the aviation industry’s tendency to wait

 until there is a major accident before implementing safety

The consequences of the aviation industry’s tendency to wait until there is a major accident before implementing safety are negative. According to researchers, there are many  findings that point out to the fact that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms related to the September 11, 2001, attacks occurred in large numbers of persons who did not fit the traditional definition of exposure to a traumatic event” (Marshall et al., 2007, p. 304). This fact means that the tendency to wait until there is a major accident before implementing safety should be annihilated immediately. Psychological effects of this tendency lead to negative consequences, including public distrust and poor social support.

In fact, the aviation industry involves two important components, including human resources and hardware, such as “technological detection devices, metal detectors, and x-ray machines” (Yalcinkay & Ozmen, 2007, p. 270). It is possible to provide successful aviation security if both components work together in a proper way. Due to technological progress, aviation industry could use the latest innovations in the field of aviation security.  As a result, the aviation industry’s tendency to wait until there is a major accident before implementing safety can be explained as improper organization, systematization and supervision of the major operations. The aviation industry needs financial support and technological support to function effectively in age of terrorism. The numerous vulnerabilities of the aviation system are closely connected with the harmful effects of terrorist attacks. According to Yalcinkay and Ozmen (2007), “since terrorism involves using violence, many people have suffered greatly from terrorist attacks, and these attacks on the aviation industry always result in catastrophes” (p. 259). Thus, the tendency to wait until there is a major accident before implementing safety jeopardizes human life and health.

The major strategies aimed at improving safety

            The major strategies aimed at improving safety in the civil aviation industry include the strategies, which involve the most needed security improvements. It is necessary to consider the history of the civil aviation security, comparing currently used in-flight security practices with those used by other countries. According to researchers, “terrorists’ motivation and perspectives of life are important reasons why they choose the aviation industry as targets” (Yalcinkay & Ozmen, 2007, p. 260). It is necessary to understand that terrorists are focused on attacking the aviation industry because of their motives, which include religious, political and ideological motives. As the aviation industry involves many people, terrorists’ attacks may result in large casualties, caused long-lasting economic damage not only to the aviation industry, but also to the whole country. The history of the civil aviation security provides many examples of terrorist attacks (Price & Forrest, 2012).

Undoubtedly, the role of Transportation Security Administration changes in aviation industry security, policy implementation and training regulation since the events of 9/11is significant in finding the most effective strategies (Price & Forrest, 2012).Considering a wide range of aviation terrorist incidents, it is possible to improve current civil aviation security in the current geopolitical climate. In fact, the government should continue developing effective strategies to provide “transition to a proactive, human-centered, and threat-driven security system that harnesses the expertise and experience of all parties—regulators, airlines, airports, and labor”(Aviation Security: 10 Years after the 9/11 Attacks, 2012). As a result, there is a necessity to make a shift away from the aviation industry’s focus on the detection and interdiction of the major threats to the “determination of the presence of hostile intent” (Aviation Security: 10 Years after the 9/11 Attacks, 2012).

The most significant accomplishments in the civil aviation industry since 9/11 include:

  • the creation of the U.S. DOT Rapid Response Teams;
  • the establishment of New Federal Security Agencies, including the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), the Department of Homeland Security and other agencies;
  • the development and implementation of the common strategy, named Passenger and All-Cargo Domains, which provides an effective standardized crisis response plan to address the major threats in the aviation industry;
  • the establishment of Federal Air Marshal and In-Flight Security Officer Programs, which are aimed at providing greater and more effective deterrence and security operations onboard the flights, both domestic and international;
  • the development and implementation of the Federal Flight Deck Officer Program, which helps to “protect the flight decks of both passenger and all-cargo airliners and add a key layer of additional security to air transportation” (Aviation Security: 10 Years after the 9/11 Attacks, 2012);
  • the use of Reinforced Flight Deck Doors based on the requirements of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the flight deck doors on all types of airliners;
  • the use of Secondary Barriers, which include “netting, strands of wire, or other lightweight materials placed on the cabin side of the fortified flight deck door” (Aviation Security: 10 Years after the 9/11 Attacks, 2012);
  • the improvement of Jumpseat Security;
  • the implementation of Threat-Based Security aimed at identifying the individuals with the intent to do harm;
  • the improvement of the Pilot-Screening Programs aimed at enhancing threat-based security and “recognizing the trustworthiness of airline pilots, who are the most heavily scrutinized employees in the aviation industry” (Aviation Security: 10 Years after the 9/11 Attacks, 2012);
  • the improvement of Cargo Security in order to address the major challenges of the “air cargo supply chain, the demands associated with the flow of commerce, and economic constraints” (Aviation Security: 10 Years after the 9/11 Attacks, 2012);
  • the strengthening of Safeguarding Aircraft from Laser Attacks (Aviation Security: 10 Years after the 9/11 Attacks, 2012).

In general, the state of aviation security requires the proper analysis of the major characteristics of the air transportation system that may complicate the achievement of the established goals in providing high level of security. The strategies aimed at improving safety in the civil aviation industry should consider the event of 9/11 and the changes that have occurred since. According to Zyliowicz (2005), “no overall systematic program has yet been put in place to deal with the threats that terrorism poses to the various elements of aviation”(p. 47). The civil aviation security requires integrating antiterrorism strategies into foreign policy, as well as the ongoing efforts to deal with the major factors that promote the spread of terrorism.

Conclusion

            Thus, it is necessary to conclude that accidents caused by terrorism, including gunfire, hijacking and bombings have become the major challenges for successful operation in the field of aviation industry. The effects of fears of terrorism on the development of air safety aviation industry since 9/11 are both negative and positive. Terrorist attacks have political and economic ramifications that influence the development of the civil aviation industry. As passenger airlines continue to be the major targets of terrorist attacks, the economic effects are really devastating for the civil aviation industry. Both the government and private organization in the civil aviation industry should work jointly against terrorists’ attacks.

Recommendations

The 9/11 terrorist attacks resulted in considerable changes for the civil aviation industry security through implementation of the joint efforts of government, civil aviation industry, and labor. Based on recent studies provided by ALPA, “aviation security progressed significantly because of these efforts, but ongoing improvements will always be needed to stay ahead of the ever-changing threat” (Aviation Security: 10 Years after the 9/11 Attacks, 2012). The key recommendation regarding the most needed security improvements include:

  1. Implementation of Threat-Based Security;
  2. Securing of All-Cargo Flight Operations;
  3. Enhancement of the Federal Flight Deck Officer Program;
  4. Institution of the Threatened Airspace Management;
  5. Installation of Secondary Barriers on All Airliners;
  6. Protection of Aircraft from Laser Attacks;
  7. Enhancement of Government-Industry-Labor Collaboration (Aviation Security: 10 Years after the 9/11 Attacks, 2012).
  8. Improvement of intelligence sharing and collaboration;
  9. Providing enhanced training of personnel;
  10. Development of effective technical programs (Price & Forrest, 2012).

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